Forced-draft system for incinerators



2 Sheets-Sheet 2 G. F. LEN K Filed Aug. 1. 1924 FORGED DRAFT SYSTEM FOR INCINERATORS Nov. 17, 1925- v R z .F. \HQYH Patented Nov. 17, 1925.

UNITED STATES- GUS F. LENK, 0F DALLAS, TEXAS.

FORCED-DRAFT SYSTEM FOR INCINERATORS.

Application filed August .1, v192-4. Serial No. 729,649.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, Gus LnNK, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Dallas, in the county of Dallas and State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Forced-Draft Systems for Incinerators, of which the fol lowing is a specification.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in forced draft systems for incinerators.

The object of the invention is to utilize the waste heat passing tothe smoke stack to pro-heat the air before it is sure, thus supplying heated air to the grates. A further object is to deliver air under pressure directly under the main grates of an incinerator, whereby a forced draft is delivered efficiently and without interfering with the use of a natural draft by opening the doors at front of the ash pit.

Another object is to provide means for causing the air to pass between waste heat conductors prior to its entrance into the suction fan or other forced draft producing me dium.

A construction designed to carry out the invention will be hereinafter described together with other features of the invention. l The invention will be more readily under stood from a reading of the following specification and by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which an example of the invention is shown, and wherein:

F ig. 1 is a front elevation of a portion of an incinerator equipped with a forced draft system in accordance with mv invention,

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the same,

Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1,

Fig. at is a horizontal cross-sectional View taken on the line 1-4 of Fig. 3, and

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2. a

In the drawings the numeral 10 designates a base upon which a front wall 11, an end Wall. 12, a rear wall 13 and an end 14 are erected. These walls and the base are suitably constructed in accordance with incinerator engineering. The rectangular structure formed by these parts is comparatively shallow from front to rear in proportion to its length between the end walls.

A floor 15 is supported at the upper ends of the wall and is composed of a concrete put under pres.

mixture reinforced by I-beams 16 extending at right angles to each other and having their ends supported in the wallsf The incinerator is charged through hoppers from the floor. A verticaldivision wall 17 adjacent the wall l l divides the interior of the incinerator, the greater portion, about fourfifths more or less, lying to the right and constituting a main or burning chamber.

lVithin the burning chamber and under the hoppers is an evaporating and drying table 18 inclined downwardly from the rear wall and having its front end supported above the base 10 on a vertical wall 19. This table is arched over a flue or tunnel 2O extending parallel to the rear wall 13 and behind the wall 19. The bottom of the tunnel is formed by the base 10. As will be hereinafter explained the hot gases and air currents escaping from the burning chamber pass through said tunnel, thus heating the table from the underneath.

The burning chamber is divided by transverse vertical bafile walls 21 extending from the base 10 to the roof and from the front wall 11 to the wall 19 and the front edge of the table. Between the walls 21 and on each side thereof, are fire grates 22 of any suitable type. These grates are supported by the walls 11, 12, 17, 19, and 21 above the base 10 and about midway the height of the front of the table 18. Ash :pits 23 are formed below the fire grates.

Above the grates 22 are suspension grates 24l0cated in a plane approximately flush to the front edge of the table, but subject to variation. These grates may be of the water circulating type and form the subject matter of acopending application. The suspension. grates are much more open than the tire grates andha-ve spaces for small articles and pieces to drop through. The purpose of the suspension grates is to elevate above the main fire, carcasses,.and other slow burning matter, whereby it will be partially consumed and disintegrated before dropping through to the fire grates.

Each bafiie wall has a central opening 25 extendingfrom a point between the grates 22 and 24 to the roof of the burning chamber. A similar but larger opening 26 is provided in the wall 17 for the escape of the products. It will be seen that the air currents and flames will pass through the openings 25 in the baffle walls above the grates 22 and above and below the grates 24, thus lltl thoroughly igniting and burning the matter deposited on said grates. The flames, currents and gases will be drawn toward the opening 26 and at this point the fire Will be most intense, providing a cut-off fire through which all products must pass.

Between the division wall 17 and the end wall lt 1 form an intensifying chamber 27 and a combustion chamber 28 through which the products escaping from the opening 26, pass to the tunnel 20. The base 10 forms the floors of these latter chambers and is below the opening 26. The chamber 27 is at the front of the incinerator and is separated from the chamber 28 by a partition 29 extending from the base 10 to the roof between the walls 14.- and 17. The partition has an opening 30. An opening 31 provides an entrance to the tunnel and a. grille built of fire resisting clay or the like, is placed in this opening. The currents and gases after circulating in the chamber 28 are drawn down through the grille into the tunncl. The hot currents passing through the tunnel under the table 18 will adequately heat the same. Also any products escaping into the tunnel will be subjected to afinal combustion, so that any odors escaping from the chamber 28 are given final treatment in the tunnel.

While natural draft might be supplied through the doors to the ash pits, I have found a forced draft to be more efficacious in burning the general run of garbage and trash brought to an incinerator.

In the base 10 I countersink a manifold pipe 33extending across the front ends of the ash pits adjacent the front wall 11. This pipe enters through the wall 12. Risers 3 1 extend upwardly from this manifold in one corner of each ash pit, the pipe ending at the last riser to the left (Fig. 4;). Each riser has a nozzle 35 extending laterally from its upper end under the grate 22 and directed toward the center of the ash The manifold pipe is connected with an elbow 36 outside of the wall 12, which elbow is connected with a suction fan 37. The fan is enclosed in ahousing 38 and supplies air to the pipe 33.

A smoke stack 39 is connected with the tunnel 20 by a plurality of spaced ducts 40. The products of combustions, such as hot gases and air currents from the tunnel pass through the ducts, which are thus heated. The ducts extend transversely through the housing which is open at its rear side. The fan 3? draws air in through the open rear side of the housing and this air in passing between the ducts is heated. By th s means the air forced into the pipe 33 is heated and a more etlicient draft is thus maintained.

In operating the incinerator a fire is first started on the grates 22 in any suitable manner. The truck or wagon is driven onto the floors 15 and after the hoppers are opened the charge of garbage and trash is dumped and pushed through the said hoppers into the incinerator.

The incinerator having become hot by the products of combustion passing through the chambers 27 and 28 and the tunnel 20, whereby the table 18 is heated, the garbage falling upon said table, will be dried. Owing to the inclination of the table the garbage will slide down the same, or it may be raked onto the suspension grates 24. These gates 24 being widely spaced will permit the small pieces to fall through, but larger material, such as carcasses, large rags, etc., will be held in suspension and may be scattered so as to be dried and more readily consumed. The fire burning on the grates 22 and the material ignited on the grates 24:, as well as the table 18, makes for efficient burning. The products from the tunnel pass through the ducts 40 to the stack 39. The suction fan 37 suitably driven forces warm air into the pipe 33, whereby it is delivered by the nozzles under the grates;

The flames and gases will pass through the openings 25 in the baffle 21, and will whip around the rear end of said bafile walls over the table 18. The opening 26 in the division wall 1'? creates a draft which pulls the flames of the lire toward said opening where they concentrate. Theforced draft will accelerate the burning and make a more intense fire.

The products might be conveyed to the tunnel in any suitable manner and the chambers 2? and 28 are not essential to the invention. Even the tunnel and table could be changed and the ducts led direct from one side of the burning chamber. The forced draft nozzle 35 will direct a supply of air under pressure under the entire grate (22) surfaces and this air being preheated will not chill the incinerator.

Various changes in the size and shape of the different parts, as well as modifications and alterations, may be made within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim, is:

1. The combination in an incinerator of a burning chamber having grates and ash pits thereunder, a tunnel extending under the chamber, a stack spaced in close relation to the end of the tunnel, ducts connecting the end of the tunnel with the stack, a housing covering the ducts and having an air admitting opening on one side of said ducts, a suction fan drawing air through said opening transversely between the ducts, and means for conducting the air from the suction fan to the ash pits of the burning chamber. 7

2. The combination in an incinerator of a burning chamber having grates and ash pits thereiuider, a tunnel extending under the chamber, a stack spaced in close relation to the end of the tunnel, ducts connecting the end of the tunnel With the stack, a housing parallel to the one end of the burning chamber and extending from the end Wall of the chamber to the stack, said housing closing the ducts and having an air ad n'litting opening at one side of the ducts, a 10 suction fan in the housing for drawing air transversely between said ducts, a manifold connected with the discharge of said fan, and risers in the ash pits connected with the manifold.

In testimony whereof I atfix my signature.

GUS F. LENK. 

